Introduction to Quantum Computing
Quantum computing is an exciting and revolutionary field of computer science that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to process and store information. While traditional computers use bits to represent data as either a 0 or a 1, quantum computers use quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously. One of the fundamental concepts of quantum computing is superposition. In classical computing, a bit can only be in one state at a time—either a 0 or a 1. In contrast, a qubit can be in a superposition of both 0 and 1 simultaneously. This means that a qubit can represent and process a vast amount of information in parallel. Another important principle in quantum computing is entanglement. When qubits become entangled, the state of one qubit becomes linked to the state of another, regardless of the physical distance between them. This phenomenon allows quantum computers to perform complex computations by manipulating and measuring the entangled qubits. The...